# Ripple USD (RLUSD) Quantum Readiness Report

> Ripple USD has a QRI score of 7/100 and is assessed at Stage 1 (Quantum Risk Assessed) with medium evidence confidence.

Evaluation date: 2026-06-05. Review status: draft. Evaluated scope: RLUSD stablecoin token across all production deployments (XRPL native issuance, Ethereum ERC-20, L2s via Wormhole NTT).

Ripple USD (RLUSD) is a fiat-backed stablecoin with ~$1.75B circulating supply, natively issued on XRP Ledger and Ethereum, with recent expansion to L2s (Base, Optimism) via Wormhole NTT. The token is a standard ERC-20 / XRPL issued currency with no custom cryptographic primitives — it inherits the classical ECC-based security of all its host chains. Ripple has published a substantive 4-phase PQ roadmap for the XRP Ledger (targeting 2028) with Phase 2 ML-DSA testing on AlphaNet underway in H1 2026, but this covers only the base ledger, not RLUSD specifically. On Ethereum, admin control relies on classical ECDSA multisigs (7-of-7 for critical roles, 2-of-32 for operational roles). The Wormhole NTT bridge dependency introduces another classical-signature vulnerability surface. RLUSD's centralized freeze and clawback capabilities provide a meaningful quantum-recoverability path — the issuer could freeze compromised accounts and claw back tokens in a Q-Day scenario — but this is recoverability, not resistance. With 0% of value-at-risk protected by PQC or hybrid-PQC and no token-specific quantum mitigation, RLUSD scores 7/100 (Stage 1: Quantum Risk Assessed). Users should monitor Ripple's XRPL PQ roadmap and any future token-specific migration announcements.

## Core resources

- [Ripple USD QRI report](https://qrindex.org/projects/ripple-usd/): Human-readable assessment with score, stage, evidence, blockers, risks, and assurance notes.
- [Ripple USD structured report data](https://qrindex.org/projects/ripple-usd/report.json): Complete report as JSON for deterministic machine processing.
- [QRI methodology](https://qrindex.org/methodology/): Scoring model, evidence handling, readiness stages, confidence, assurance, and report status.
- [All QRI project reports](https://qrindex.org/llms.txt): Score-ranked index of every published project assessment.
- [Ripple USD official website](https://www.coingecko.com/en/coins/ripple-usd): Project-maintained website.



## Evidence sources

- [Evidence source 1](<https://ripple.com/insights/post-quantum-readiness-on-the-xrp-ledger/>): Public source cited by the Ripple USD QRI assessment.
- [Evidence source 2](<https://github.com/ripple/RLUSD-Implementation/blob/main/doc/rlusd-ethereum-design.md>): Public source cited by the Ripple USD QRI assessment.
- [Evidence source 3](<https://github.com/ripple/RLUSD-Implementation>): Public source cited by the Ripple USD QRI assessment.
- [Evidence source 4](<https://etherscan.io/token/0x8292bb45bf1ee4d140127049757c2e0ff06317ed>): Public source cited by the Ripple USD QRI assessment.
- [Evidence source 5](<https://xrpscan.com/token/RLUSD.rMxCKbEDwqr76QuheSUMdEGf4B9xJ8m5De>): Public source cited by the Ripple USD QRI assessment.
- [Evidence source 6](<https://docs.ripple.com/products/stablecoin>): Public source cited by the Ripple USD QRI assessment.
- [Evidence source 7](<https://xrpl.org/>): Public source cited by the Ripple USD QRI assessment.
- [Evidence source 8](<https://governance.aave.com/t/arfc-add-rlusd-to-core-instance/20214>): Public source cited by the Ripple USD QRI assessment.
- [Evidence source 9](<https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/ripple-usd/>): Public source cited by the Ripple USD QRI assessment.
- [Evidence source 10](<https://stableregistry.com/stablecoins/rlusd/>): Public source cited by the Ripple USD QRI assessment.
- [Evidence source 11](<https://www.projecteleven.com/blog/project-eleven-collaborates-with-ripple-to-secure-xrp-ledger-for-the-quantum-era>): Public source cited by the Ripple USD QRI assessment.
- [Evidence source 12](<https://ripple.com/solutions/stablecoin/>): Public source cited by the Ripple USD QRI assessment.
- [Evidence source 13](<https://ripple.com/solutions/digital-currency/ripple-usd/>): Public source cited by the Ripple USD QRI assessment.
- [Evidence source 14](<https://docs.xrpl-commons.org/core-dev-bootcamp/module05/appendices/xls-d.md>): Public source cited by the Ripple USD QRI assessment.
- [Evidence source 15](<https://etherscan.io/address/0x8292Bb45bf1Ee4d140127049757C2E0fF06317eD#code>): Public source cited by the Ripple USD QRI assessment.
- [Evidence source 16](<https://wormhole.com/docs/products/token-transfers/native-token-transfers/concepts/architecture/>): Public source cited by the Ripple USD QRI assessment.
- [Evidence source 17](<https://github.com/wormhole-foundation/wormhole/blob/main/whitepapers/0009_guardian_signer.md>): Public source cited by the Ripple USD QRI assessment.